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ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION, UTILISATION AND CONSERVATION TWO MARKS

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ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION, UTILISATION AND CONSERVATION  TWO MARKS 


UNIT - I

TWO MARKS

1. List out the advantages of nuclear power station over thermal power station
The amount of fuel required is very small There is no problem of transportation and storage
Less space is required Most economical
2. Name the sub system of solar power plant.
Solar energy collection system Thermal energy transfer system Thermal energy storage system
Energy conversion system
3. Indicate the difficulties in using geo thermal energy
Overall efficiency of power production is low Drilling operation is noisy Large areas are needed for exploitation of geo thermal energy
4. State the advantages of interconnected operation of power system
Increased reliability of supply: in the event of power failure at one station the supply can be fed from other station Reduction in total installed capacity Spinning reserve is reduced
5. State the advantage of MHD
Conversion efficiency is around 50% The closed cycle supply produces power,free of pollution
It has no moving parts,so more reliable

6. What are the major components of nuclear power?
Nuclear reactor Heat exchanger Steam turbine Alternator

7. State the principle of DG power plant.
The diesel burns inside the DG and the product of this combustion act as
the fluid to produce the mechanical energy.

8. What are the classifications of wind energy conversion?
Horizontal axis wind mill Vertical axis wind mill
9. Define distributed generation.
It can be defined as the integrated use of small generation units directly connected to the distribution supply or inside the facilities of a customer
10. What are the effects of system operation?
Distributed generation The small scale production of electricity It has the potential to improve the reliability of the power supply Cost of electricity is reducedLower emission of air pollutants
11. What are the parameters characterisisng solar concentrators?
The aperture area The acceptance angle The absorber area Geometrical concentration ratio
The optical efficiency The thermal efficiency
12. What are the advantages of solar concentrator?
Improved thermal efficiency due to reduced heat loss area Increased energy delivery temperature,facilitating their dynamic match between temperature level and the task
Increased number of thermal storage options at elevated temperatures, thereby reducing the storage cost.
13. Name the components of flat plate collector.
An absorber plate(metallic or plastic) Tubes or pipes for conducting or directing the heat transfer fluid One or more covers Insulation to minimize the downward heat loss from the absorbing plate
14. What are the important factors governing the selection of site for conventional
sources?
Location of dam
Choice of dam
Quantity of water available
Accessibility of site

15. What are the classifications based on plant capacity in hydro plants?
Micro hydel plant      : less than 5 MW
Medium capacity palnt : 5 to 100 MW
High capacity plant   : 101 MW to 1000 MW
Super capacity plant : above 1000 MW

16. What are the classifications of turbine?
Francis turbine , patened by francis in 1849 pelton turbine , patened by Pelton in 1889
Propeller and Kaplan turbine , patened by Kaplan in 1913 Deraiz turbine ,patened by Deraiz in 1945

17. Define surge tank.
Surge tanks are tanks connected to the water conductor system. It serves the purpose of reducing water hammering in pipes which can cause damage to pipes. The sudden surges of water in penstock are taken by the surge tank, and when the water requirements increase, it supplies the collected water thereby regulating water flow and pressure inside the penstock.

18. What is the General Layout of Thermal Power Plant?
The general layout of thermal power plant consists of mainly four circuits as
shown in [1]. The four circuits are Coal and Ash circuit Air and Gas circuit Feed Water and Steam circuit Cooling Water circuit
19. What are the Types of Air Heaters and give a brief introduction.
Tubular Air Heater:
The flue gas flows outside the tubes in which the air flows heating it. To increase the time of contact horizontal baffles are provided.

Plate Type Air Heater:
It consists of rectangular flat plates spaced 1.5 to 2 cm apart leaving alternate air and gas passages. This is not used extensively as it involves high maintenance.

20. Define Economizer:
The economizer is a feed water heater, deriving heat from the flue gases. The
justifiable cost of the economizer depends on the total gain in efficiency. In turn this
depends on the flue gas temperature leaving the boiler and the feed water inlet temperature.



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